PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.
